(THE STUDY OF LIFE)
INTRODUCTION
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Biology is the study of life. The word “biology” comes from the Greek words “bios” (meaning life) and “logos” (meaning study). In general, biologists study the structure, operation, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms. Biology is vital because it helps to know how living things work and the way they function. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field.
Since humans are living organisms, studying biology helps us understand ourselves and our behavior. For many of you, perhaps the most exciting part of biology is the study of yourself; how your body works; how it reacts to illness; how you look or differ from other people such as your sisters, brothers, and parents. You will also learn how you and other living beings came to this Earth, as part of life’s origin and the organisms’ evolutionary process. The study of man is not complete if we do not also make a comparative study of other animals. For example, by examining the muscle function of a frog or the digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems of a mammal like a rabbit, we understand much better how these systems work in our body.
By studying plants, man discovered that certain plants had medicinal value from which he could obtain drugs (eg penicillin and streptomycin) that proved effective in the treatment of certain diseases. A constantly growing humanity demands more and more food. Food production can be increased through the careful study of plants and soil. Above all, biology helps us understand ourselves and the world in which we live. NB Coaching provides the Best Biology Coaching in Chandigarh, Best Biology Coaching near me.
Fields of Biology Just as the term science thrust is kind of} general, so too, is biology. The wide field is often diminished into additional specific areas. a standard division is into phytology (a study of plants) biological science (a study of animals) … but there are alternative divisions. The following could be a list of a number of the more specific areas of this science that you would possibly come back across.
1. Anatomy … Study of the structure of plant and animal organs.
2. Medicine … Study of microscopic non-green organisms, which can cause disease
3. Biological science … Study of the structure and performance of cells
4. Ecology … Study of organisms and also their interaction with one another and the environment.
5. Biology … Study of the first development of organisms.
6. Zoology … Study of insects.
7. Zoological science … Study of reptiles.
8. Microscopic anatomy … Study of the structure of tissues.
9. Zoology … Study of fish.
10. Morphology … Study of the whole form or structure of organisms.
11. Mycology … Study of fungi.Etc
• Inheritable Traits
• Eye color, nose form, and several alternative physical options are a number of traits that are transmissible from oldsters.
• Associate in the Nursing organism could be an assortment of traits, all inherited from its parents.
• Heredity – the passing of traits from parent to offspring
• Genetic science – the study of traits passed from parents to offspring Trait.
• Each cell has one factor for every trait
• Genetic science is the study of how attributes are transmissible through the interactions of alleles.
• Father of genetic science: – botanists began experimenting with garden peas in 1856, and rigorously discovered the pea plants, leading to the primary recorded study of how traits are passed from one generation to the next.
• Used the mathematics of chance to clarify heredity
• The primary goal is to trace one trait through many generations.
• Types of genetic crosses
• Cross: Cross with a single trait, e.g. B. Flower Color
• Dihybrid cross – cross with 2 traits, e.g. B. Flower color and plant height.
• Generation P: Parental generation during a genetic cross
• Generation F1: First-generation offspring from a cross between the elders
• Generation F2: Second-generation offspring from a cross between the F1 offspring
• Sex determination XX: Female sex chromosome: Young females produce eggs with only X chromosomes. Males produce gametes with X and Y chromosomes.
• All cells of a plant develop from the zygote.
• Zygote produces a range of cells that organize into tissues associated in Nourish organs.
• Development is a total of 2 processes: growth and differentiation.
• throughout the method of development, a fancy body organization is created that produces roots, leaves, branches, flowers, fruits, and seeds, and eventually, they die.
• Growth could also be outlined as an irreversible permanent increase in size, volume, or mass of a cell, organ, or whole organism.
• Growth is one of the basic characteristics of a living being.
• It is in the course of metabolic processes i.e. anabolic and catabolic processes, that occurs at the expense of energy. Example:- enlargement of a leaf, elongation of the stem, etc
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